Long description: workbook134fig4
Alt text: A graph showing a curve segment with associated small displacements \(\delta_x\), \(\delta_y\), and arc length \(\delta_s\), and an angle \(\psi\).
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- The image displays a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system with the horizontal axis labeled \(x\) and the vertical axis labeled \(y\).
- A smooth, concave-downward curve is drawn across the first quadrant of the graph.
- Several small displacements are indicated near a point on the curve: a horizontal displacement labeled \(\delta_x\), a vertical displacement labeled \(\delta_y\), and the corresponding arc length displacement labeled \(\delta_s\).
- A right triangle is implicitly formed by these three displacements, with \(\delta_s\) representing the hypotenuse connecting the starting and ending points of the small segment.
- At the endpoint of the curve segment, an angle labeled \(\psi\) is shown, representing the angle the tangent line makes with the positive \(x\)-axis.