Long description: spherical
Alt text: A diagram illustrates a charged sphere with an inner dashed circle indicating the spherical surface labeled S.
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- The image displays a solid circle representing a charged sphere.
- Inside the sphere, there is a dashed, circular line segment labeled "Spherical surface S," suggesting a boundary or surface area.
- A coordinate system, with an origin labeled "o" and a distance "a" indicated horizontally, is shown near the center of the sphere, establishing a reference point for the surface S.