5 Engineering Example 2
5.1 Deflection of a uniformly loaded beam
Introduction
A uniformly loaded beam of length is supported at both ends. The deflection is a function of horizontal position and obeys the differential equation
(1)
where is Young’s modulus, is the moment of inertia and is the load per unit length at point . We assume in this problem that (a constant). The boundary conditions are (i) no deflection at and (ii) no curvature of the beam at and .
Figure 20
Problem in words
In addition to being subject to a uniformly distributed load, a beam is supported so that there is no deflection and no curvature of the beam at its ends. Applying a Laplace Transform to the differential equation (1), find the deflection of the beam as function of horizontal position along the beam.
Mathematical formulation of the problem
Find the equation of the curve assumed by the bending beam that solves (1). Use the coordinate system shown in Figure 1 where the origin is at the left extremity of the beam. In this coordinate system, the mathematical formulations of the boundary conditions which require that there is no deflection at and , and that there is no curvature of the beam at and are
Note that and are respectively the slope and the radius of curvature of the curve at point
Mathematical analysis
The following Laplace transform properties are needed:
(P1)
(P2)
(P3)
(P4)
To solve a differential equation involving the unknown function using Laplace transforms
- Write the Laplace transform of the differential equation using property (P1)
- Solve for the function using properties (P2) and (P3)
- Use the inverse Laplace transform to obtain using property (P4)
Using the linearity properties of the Laplace transform, (1) becomes
Using (P1) and (P2)
(2)
The four terms of the sum are
The boundary conditions give and So (2) becomes
(3)
Here and are unknown constants , but they can be determined by using the remaining two boundary conditions and
Solving for , (3) leads to
Using the linearity of the Laplace transform, the inverse Laplace transform of this equation gives
Hence
So using (P3)
Simplifying by means of (P4)
(4)
To use the boundary condition , take the second derivative of (4), to obtain
The boundary condition implies
(5)
Using the last boundary condition with (5) in (4)
(6)
Finally substituting (5) and (6) in (4) gives
Interpretation
The predicted deflection is zero at both ends as required.
Note This problem was solved by an entirely different means (integrating the ODE) in HELM booklet 19.4, page 65.